As the society emerging from the conquest progressed towards the fixing of its economic, social and political relations, the landed military aristocracy succeeded in more precisely defining its aspirations as a dominant group, and its members the real objectives they...
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I. NATURAL AND SUPERNATURAL REALITY Both those who could choose a form of life and those who had to accept the ones which the system of prevailing social relations imposed on them contributed – actively or passively – to shaping...
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I. THE EXPANSION OF THE ROMANO-GERMANIC AREA INTO THE PERIPHERY Having, until now, faced towards the Mediterranean basin, the Romano-Germanic area underwent a fundamental upheaval, beginning in the eighth century. While the advent of the Muslims significantly restricted Christian kingdoms’...
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The Romano-Germanic area’s expansion towards the periphery was at once the cause and effect of multiple complex processes. Bound up with it was the commercial revolution, the intense economic shift that would profoundly alter the traditional ways of life and...
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I. POPULATION GROWTH AND MOBILITY The development of economic life was accompanied by a process of expansion and diversification of society. If new prospects emerged and could be exploited, it was because the efforts of dense social groups helped bring...
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Both at the level of real-life situations and of ideas, the process of the bourgeois revolution had, in the period that runs from its outbreak in the eleventh century to the crisis in the first half of the fourteenth century,...
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Throughout the imperial period, the border of the West Roman area had frequently been crossed by Germanic groups abandoning regions they were settled in to work their way into the Empire and participate in its life in one way or...
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